Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite networks are made up of a constellation of small satellites that orbit the Earth in a series of planes. In each plane a number of satellites follow each other as they orbit the Earth, and the planes run parallel to each other to provide the radio coverage that is used for the services.

The pattern of earth orbiting satellite networks mean that the individual satellites in the constellation are constantly moving relative to the Earth’s surface. From most locations it is possible to see one or more LEO/MEO satellites at any time. On occasion the signal path to the satellites may be blocked by physical barriers such as buildings or mountains, however, because the constellation is always moving the satellites often move out from behind the physical barrier after a few seconds or minutes, providing a clear path between the user terminal and the satellite.

LEO/MEO satellite networks are often well suited to mobile applications, where you need to use the service while on the move. LEO/MEO external antennas used on vehicles, vessels and aircraft are generally smaller and less expensive when compared to Geostationary satellite antennas.

LEO satellites sit between 800 and 1,400 km from the Earth's surface, while MEO satellites sit between 2,000 and 35,000 km away from the Earth's surface. 

Pivotel products that use LEO satellite networks include all Iridium, Globalstar and OneWeb satellite solutions. Pivotel products that use MEO satellite networks include all SES O3b MPOWER satellite solutions.